Entrepreneurship Education: A road to success Nonetheless, there have been attempts to prove direct impact on societal level. 195  The study 8Making an impact9 found that JA Canada delivers a 45:1 annual return on 8societal prosperity9 per dollar invested. Researchers estimated the Return on Investment (ROI) of each dollar that the state spent on entrepreneurship education. They took into account not only contributions of alumni/entrepreneurs, but also the costs that are avoided by the state (e.g. social assistance to unemployed), due to the positive career developments of the alumni. The estimates drew on data from national databases relevant to social policy and the labour market. They clearly demonstrated the significance of entrepreneurship education for other policy areas.  Society also benefited from positive changes in attitudes towards interaction between communities with different backgrounds that was found in a study conducted by Junior Achievement Ireland.196  The study 8Effects and impact of entrepreneurship programmes in higher education9 showed that the alumni of the student entrepreneur JADE network were more often engaged in volunteer work than members of a control group. Fifty per cent of JADE alumni were engaged in this form of active 197 citizenship, as opposed to 38% in a control group.  The same study showed that JADE alumni were also more often engaged in starting a non-commercial project or initiative (social entrepreneurship). Fifty eight per cent of JADE alumni did so, as opposed to 38% in a control 198 group. 195 The Boston Consulting Group (2011) Making an Impact. Assessing Junior Achievement of Canada's Value Creation 196 Junior Achievement (2013) Evaluation of KEY and LET programmes, 2012/2013. 197 European Commission, DG ENTR (2012) Effects and impact of entrepreneurship programmes in Higher Education. 198 Ibid, page 72 73