JA programmes JA brings the public and private sectors together to provide young people in primary and secondary schools and early university with high-quality education programmes to teach them about enterprise, entrepreneurship, business and economics in a practical way, using learning by doing methods. The JA Company Programme This year-long programme invites students to create their own venture, taking an idea from conception to reality. Working as a team, and coached by a business mentor, participants manage all aspects of the business including raising capital, production, marketing and 昀椀nance. They culminate the year by participating in competitions. Students are then invited to take part in a self-assessment and a knowledge and skills test to earn their Entrepreneurial Skills PassTM . Implemented in 1.5% 317,974 40 increase in participation students participated in 2016 countries in Europe compared to 2015 countries in Europe TM The Entrepreneurial Skills Pass (ESP) The ESP complements the JA Company Programme by offering students the chance to certify their entrepreneurial knowledge skills and attitudes. In particular, this unique certi昀椀cation assesses and recognises their: \ knowledge/experience about: company structure and roles, idea generation and business opportunity, customer, marketing strategies, business plan, design and production, sales strategies, 昀椀nancial literacy, presentation techniques and communication skills,… \ enterprising skills, attitudes and behaviours: creative thinking, problem-solving, con昀椀dence and a can-do attitude, taking initiative, teamwork and leadership, being resourceful, perseverance, negotiation and decision-making, ability to take responsibility and manage risks, … \ lifelong learning competences: communication in mother tongue, communication in foreign language, sense of initiative and entrepreneurship, mathematics and science, social and civic, digital, cultural awareness and expression, learning to learn,… Besides the JA Company Programme, there are dozens of JA international and locally developed programmes running in Europe. 11